Full bibliography

The past decade has seen an upsurge in temporary foreign worker (“guest worker”) programs, which have been described as being “close to slavery” because they indenture the worker to work for a specific employer to maintain their visa status and limit access to permanent residence in the host country. The programs exemplify the dilemma between sovereignty and universalism. States claim to support universal labour rights but maintain absolute sovereignty over the legal status of foreign workers, providing limited, differentiated rights. The paper offers a normative argument, supported by empirical data from Canada, Hong Kong, United States, and Israel, that citizenship status continues to be paramount for accessing even universal (personhood-based) labour rights for these workers.